Ingredient Information

Function

Calcium propionate is also known as calcium proanoate. Calcium propionate inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi and thus helps to increase the shelf life of foods. It is predominantly used in bread but can be found in other baked goods, processed meat and cultured whey as well as milk derivatives. Calcium propionate is formulated synthetically and is also found naturally in some cheeses and butter. As a preservative, in prevents microbes from producing the energy that they need to survive, thus inhibiting the growth of mold. Calcium propionate does not require an acidic environment to be effective. It is most effective against the Bacillus mesentericus mold strain.

Other Use and Industries

Propionic acid is used in the production of plastics, rubber, herbicides, textiles, cosmetics and other chemical processes. Calcium propionate is used in the tobacco industry. It is also is given to cows to prevent calcium deficiency.

Health Effects

Calcium propionate is generally non-toxic. Contrary to popular belief, there is no bioaccumulation of this additive. Although calcium propionate is not toxic, reactions like vomiting, nausea, diarrhea and headache can be seen in people who are intolerant to this additive. Calcium propionate can also cause DNA damage and is therefore genotoxic and not safe to use as a food additive. When added to poultry feed, calcium propionate can reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin1, a toxin which can cause severe toxicity in humans. There is anecdotal evidence to suggest that consumption of calcium propionate causes disruptive behavior in children. Anecdotal evidence also suggests that calcium propionate can be passed from mother o the infants via breastfeeding and also cause behavioral distress in children. These claims need to be verified by scientific and statistical methods.

Origins

Calcium propionate is synthesized by combining propionic acid with calcium hydroxide. Propionic acid is produced from ethylene gas, a petroleum product, using nickel to catalyze the reaction. Propionic acid is produced in nature by the bacteria, propionibacteria, and can be found in the stomachs of ruminants and in sweat. It occurs in crystal or powder forms. Calcium propionate is soluble in water, and only slightly soluble in alcohol. It carries the food number E282.